10 All enrollment and final visit samples as well as selected interim visit samples were screened for plasma ferritin and soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) as previously described. Venous hemoglobin was determined on all collected samples. Finally, the availability of new tests of body iron status provides opportunities to detect or prevent this problem.įor these reasons, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s (NHLBI) Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study – II (REDS-II) program conducted the REDS-II Donor Iron Status Evaluation (RISE) study whereby blood donors were followed prospectively for 15–24 months to provide an in-depth and contemporary evaluation of iron status in a US blood donor population.īlood samples were collected at all enrollment and final visits, and efforts were made to collect samples at every interim visit. None of the previous studies of iron depletion in blood donors assessed the influence of race/ethnicity or dietary intake. These genetic markers might define “at risk” and “protected” donor groups with respect to iron depletion. Also polymorphisms in transferrin 7 and the HFE genes 8, 9 have been described. Since the studies by Finch and Simon were conducted, most blood centers have reduced the required hemoglobin level for males from 13.5 g/dL to 12.5 g/dL and increased the container blood volume from 450 to 500 mL. The magnitude and the predictors of iron depletion in blood donors are not well characterized, especially considering the changes in eligibility criteria and increased blood volume drawn that have been implemented in the last several decades. However, the potential beneficial effect of blood donation on cardiovascular disease 5 and cancer mortality 6 needs to be balanced against these possible negative effects in considering any significant changes in blood donor management. Since blood donor iron depletion has been tentatively linked to a variety of non-hematologic symptoms, such as cognitive changes, pica and restless leg syndrome, 4 prevention of significant iron depletion in blood donors is desirable. 1, 2 Studies by Finch 3 and Simon 1 in the 1970’s and 1980’s showed that serum ferritin decreased in association with blood donation. Whole blood donors can donate every eight weeks and frequent donors are at risk of becoming iron depleted.
and should do so in a setting that limits potentially adverse health consequences. Nine and a half million volunteer blood donors give the “gift of life” every year in the U.S.
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